Integralism (Political Movement) - Philosophical Concept | Alexandria
.jpg)
Integralism (Political Movement): A political philosophy advocating for the integration of all aspects of human society—political, economic, social, and spiritual—under a unified moral and theological framework, often rooted in traditional religious doctrines. Sometimes misunderstood as mere religious conservatism or theocracy, Integralism presents a far more comprehensive vision of societal order, challenging modern secularism and liberalism.
The seeds of Integralism can arguably be traced back to the counter-revolutionary thought that emerged in the wake of the French Revolution. While a cohesive "Integralist" movement wasn't yet defined, thinkers like Joseph de Maistre, writing in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, articulated criticisms of Enlightenment rationalism and advocated for the restoration of traditional hierarchies, particularly the authority of the Church and the monarchy. These ideas resonated within circles that viewed the revolutionary changes as a catastrophic disruption of divinely ordained social order, setting the stage for future Integralist formulations.
The modern articulation of Integralism took shape primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key figures like Charles Maurras in France, with his Action Française movement, adapted traditionalist ideas to a modern political context, emphasizing nationalism and a return to traditional social structures. In Portugal, António de Oliveira Salazar's Estado Novo provides a tangible example of an Integralist-inspired regime. Intriguingly, the specific interpretations of Integralism varied across contexts, leading to questions about its inherent flexibility and potential for adaptation to different cultural and political landscapes. For example, differing views existed on the role of the state versus the Church, creating internal debates and nuanced approaches.
Today, Integralism experiences a resurgence of interest, fueled by disillusionment with contemporary political and economic systems. It attracts individuals seeking alternatives to what they perceive as moral relativism and the erosion of traditional values. Whether Integralism represents a viable path forward or a nostalgic yearning for a bygone era remains a subject of vigorous debate. It continues to provoke fundamental questions about the relationship between faith, reason, and the ideal organization of society, inviting us to reconsider the very foundations upon which our modern polities are built.