Mohism - Philosophical Concept | Alexandria
Mohism, a philosophy shrouded in both pragmatic idealism and historical disappearance, offers a compelling alternative to the more celebrated Confucianism and Daoism of ancient China. Emerging in the 5th century BCE, its essence lies in the concept of universal love (jian'ai), advocating impartial care for all, irrespective of relationship. Often misunderstood as utopian or simplistic, Mohism was a structured and surprisingly practical ethical and political system that challenged prevailing norms.
The genesis of Mohism is attributed to Mozi (Master Mo), a figure possibly of artisan or lower noble origin. Records in texts like the Mozi itself, compiled by his followers, provide our primary window into his thought. The backdrop of the late Spring and Autumn period, marked by incessant warfare and social upheaval, informed his rejection of ritualistic extravagance and emphasis on practical benefit. Intriguingly, some speculate that Mozi's followers possessed military skills, acting as defenders of weaker states.
Over time, Mohism fractured into different schools, debating interpretations of its core tenets. Its emphasis on meritocracy, state control, and logical argumentation, while initially influential rivaling Confucianism, eventually clashed with evolving imperial governance. By the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), Mohism's organized form had largely vanished from mainstream Chinese thought, eclipsed by a Confucianism adapted to imperial needs. However, its principles arguably persisted subtly, influencing later movements, particularly in their focus on social welfare and practical application. Scholars continue to debate the reasons for Mohism's decline, with some citing its demanding ethical standards or its incompatibility with hierarchical social structures.
Today, Mohism's legacy endures as a testament to the power of radical ideas. Re-examined through modern lenses, its emphasis on universal love, efficient governance, and evidence-based reasoning resonates with contemporary concerns about global ethics and social justice. While the organized school may be gone, the questions Mohism raised about human nature, societal obligations, and the pursuit of a just world continue to challenge and inspire. What if its central tenets—practicality, impartiality, and a commitment to universal well-being—were re-embraced in a world grappling with similar challenges to those faced millennia ago?