Smartism - Philosophical Concept | Alexandria
Smartism: A Hindu tradition, both ancient and ever-evolving, that acknowledges the unity of five deities – Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, Ganesha, and Surya – as manifestations of one ultimate reality. Often misunderstood as polytheistic, Smartism champions a unique approach to the divine, one that invites individual devotees to choose their preferred deity (Ishta Devata) as a focal point for worship, while simultaneously recognizing the equal validity and inherent interconnectedness of all paths. Is it mere syncretism, or a profound embrace of Hinduism's multifaceted nature?
The historical roots of Smartism remain somewhat veiled in antiquity, with its core principles subtly interwoven within the vast tapestry of early Hindu scriptures. While pinpointing a precise origin proves elusive, scholars trace its formal codification, and subsequent surge in influence, to the 8th-century CE philosopher, Adi Shankaracharya. Though direct, irrefutable records from this period are scarce, Shankara's commentaries on the Upanishads, Brahma Sutras, and Bhagavad Gita, combined with his establishment of the four cardinal monastic centers (mathas), are traditionally regarded as pivotal in systematizing Smartism's theology and practice. The sociopolitical climate of the time, marked by intense debates between various philosophical schools, may have spurred the need for a more inclusive and unified approach to Hinduism, a need that Smartism arguably fulfilled.
Over centuries, Smartism has absorbed and integrated diverse regional traditions, further blurring its precise boundaries and fueling ongoing scholarly discussions. The tradition emphasizes the importance of both scriptural knowledge and personal experience, encouraging devotees to explore various devotional practices, from elaborate temple rituals to introspective meditation. Interestingly, the very flexibility that has allowed Smartism to flourish has also made its specific identification complex; some argue it is less a distinct sect and more a sophisticated framework for Hindu worship. Can such a fluid tradition even be definitively categorized?
Smartism's enduring legacy lies in its profound impact on Hindu religious life and its continuing relevance in the modern world. Its emphasis on the unity of the divine, coupled with its tolerant and inclusive ethos, continues to resonate with individuals seeking a personalized spiritual path. Symbolic of this is its continued prevalence in shaping popular Hindu festivals, rituals, and philosophical discourse, and its ongoing adaptation into the globalised spiritual landscape. Whether viewed as a distinct sect or an overarching philosophy, Smartism prompts us to consider: what does it truly mean to reconcile diversity and unity in the pursuit of the divine?