स्रवण (Śravaṇa) - Philosophical Concept | Alexandria
Sravana: Sravana, often translated as “hearing” or “listening,” extends well beyond its literal definition in the landscape of South Asian religions. It is not merely the passive reception of auditory information, but rather an active, transformative engagement with sacred teachings, serving as the foundation for understanding and spiritual progress. Is it simply about what we hear, or the way we interpret it?
The roots of Sravana can be traced back to the early Upanishads (c. 800-500 BCE), where the emphasis shifted from ritualistic sacrifices to internalized knowledge and meditative practices. In texts like the Chandogya Upanishad and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Sravana is presented as one of the three crucial steps to realizing Brahman, the ultimate reality. This era, marked by intellectual ferment and spiritual inquiry, saw a challenge to established Vedic traditions, hinting at a societal hunger for deeper meaning. Was the focus only upon the words, or the experience?
Over time, the concept of Sravana expanded and deepened within various Indian philosophical schools, including Vedanta, Yoga, and Buddhism. Vedanta, in particular, elevates Sravana to the primary means of attaining knowledge of Brahman. Influential figures like Adi Shankaracharya emphasized the importance of hearing the Vedic scriptures from a qualified Guru, followed by Manana (reflection) and Nididhyasana (contemplation). Stories abound of disciples who, through unwavering devotion to Sravana, attained enlightenment, yet unanswered questions linger about the role of individual insight versus reliance on authority. To what extent does hearing shape one’s belief of reality?
Today, Sravana continues to hold immense significance in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. Kirtans and satsangs, devotional gatherings centered on chanting and discourses, embody the spirit of Sravana in a contemporary context. Spiritual podcasts and online lectures further contribute to its relevance in a digitally connected world. Sravana reminds us that the quest for knowledge and enlightenment begins with attentive listening. But what constitutes true hearing, and how does it transform us into seekers of truth?