Anselm of Canterbury - Icon Profile | Alexandria
Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033-1109), a towering figure of medieval Christian philosophy and theology, served as Archbishop of Canterbury and pioneered what would become known as scholastic methodology. Born in Aosta, Italy, as Anselm of Aosta (also known as Anselm of Bec during his monastic years), he emerged as one of the most influential thinkers of the 11th century, bridging the intellectual traditions of Augustine and later medieval scholasticism.
First mentioned in contemporary chronicles of Bec Monastery, where he became prior in 1063, Anselm developed his philosophical works against the backdrop of the Norman Conquest of England and the Investiture Controversy. This turbulent period saw dramatic shifts in ecclesiastical power dynamics, with Anselm himself becoming embroiled in conflicts between church and state that would twice drive him into exile from England.
Anselm's most enduring contribution lies in his development of the ontological argument for God's existence, first presented in his Proslogion (1077-1078). His famous formulation, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived," revolutionized philosophical theology and continues to provoke debate among modern philosophers. His methodology, characterized by the application of reason to matters of faith (fides quaerens intellectum - "faith seeking understanding"), marked a crucial transition in medieval intellectual history. Less widely known but equally significant were his innovations in monastic education and his compassionate approach to pastoral care, including his opposition to the slave trade and advocacy for humane treatment of lepers.
The legacy of the "Father of Scholasticism" extends far beyond medieval Christianity. His works influence contemporary discussions in modal logic, cognitive theory, and the philosophy of religion. Modern scholars continue to uncover layers of sophistication in his arguments, while his life story - from ambitious young monk to principled archbishop in exile - resonates with current debates about the relationship between religious conviction and political power. What makes Anselm's thought particularly intriguing today is how his rational approach to faith challenges both religious fundamentalism and secular dismissals of religious thought, raising perennial questions about the intersection of reason and belief.