Avesta - Classic Text | Alexandria
Avesta-Zarathustra represents one of humanity's oldest and most influential religious-philosophical texts, attributed to the ancient Iranian prophet Zarathustra (also known as Zoroaster in Greek), whose teachings formed the foundation of Zoroastrianism. This sacred compilation, written in Avestan language, comprises multiple texts developed over several centuries, with its oldest portions, the Gathas, believed to have been composed by Zarathustra himself around 1500-1200 BCE.
The earliest verifiable references to the Avesta emerge from the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BCE), though oral traditions suggest a much older origin. The text survived Alexander the Great's conquest and subsequent burning of Persepolis in 330 BCE, primarily through memorized oral traditions maintained by priests. During the Sassanid Empire (224-651 CE), scholars undertook a massive effort to codify and preserve these teachings, resulting in the standardized written version known today.
The Avesta's evolution reflects a fascinating journey through time, surviving multiple historical upheavals and cultural transformations. Its core text consists of five main sections: the Yasna (including the Gathas), Vispered, Vendidad, Yashts, and shorter texts called the Khorda Avesta. These writings present a sophisticated cosmological framework that influenced subsequent religious and philosophical traditions, including aspects of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The text's dualistic worldview, emphasizing the eternal struggle between good (Ahura Mazda) and evil (Angra Mainyu), has profoundly shaped Western philosophical and religious thought.
Today, the Avesta-Zarathustra continues to captivate scholars and spiritual seekers alike, offering insights into ancient Indo-Iranian culture, ethics, and metaphysics. Its teachings on environmental stewardship, social justice, and personal responsibility resonate strongly with contemporary concerns. Modern interpretations have found particular relevance in ecological movements and ethical philosophy, while its poetic beauty and profound wisdom continue to inspire artistic and literary works. The text stands as a testament to humanity's enduring quest for understanding the nature of existence and our role within it, raising questions that remain as relevant today as they were three millennia ago.