Helena - Classic Text | Alexandria
Helena, Evelyn Waugh’s historical novel, published in 1950, presents a revisionist and sympathetic portrait of Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, traditionally credited with discovering the True Cross. Was Helena merely a politically astute empress, or a divinely inspired seeker of truth? Waugh's interpretation challenges the conventional narrative of a pious figure, hinting at a more profound and human story, one far richer in subtle piety than the previous versions.
The historical Helena's existence is attested to through various early sources, including Eusebius's Life of Constantine (c. 339 AD), though details of her early life remain shrouded in mystery. Born possibly in Drepanum (later renamed Helenopolis in her honor), she is often described as a woman of humble origins. The 4th century was a period of profound upheaval, marked by the rise of Christianity within the Roman Empire and Constantine's pivotal role in granting it legal status. The tensions between paganism and Christianity, coupled with the political machinations of the imperial court, formed the backdrop against which Helena’s story unfolds, a tapestry ripe for interpretation.
Over the centuries, Helena's image has evolved, from a secondary figure in Constantine's narrative to a central character in her own right, primarily through her association with the finding of the True Cross. Medieval legends, such as The Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine, embellished her story, cementing her place as a saint and a symbol of Christian devotion. Waugh's novel enters this centuries-long interpretation by reimagining Helena as a headstrong, somewhat naive woman whose faith is both simple and profoundly insightful. Waugh presents a Helena imbued with a distinct personality.
Helena's legacy continues to resonate today. She remains a significant figure in Christian art and devotion, frequently depicted holding the True Cross. Waugh's interpretation has sparked debate, prompting a reevaluation of historical narratives and the role of faith in shaping history. Her story challenges us to consider the complexities of belief, the power of symbols, and the enduring human quest for meaning. What truths lie buried beneath layers of history and legend, waiting to be rediscovered?