On Art - Classic Text | Alexandria
On Art by Denis Diderot, a collection of critical writings penned by the Enlightenment philosopher, is more than just commentary; it's a vibrant tapestry woven with observations, dialogues, and reflections on the 18th-century French art scene. Often overshadowed by his work on the Encyclopedie, Diderot's art criticism, particularly his Salons, offers a unique window into his evolving aesthetic philosophy and his passionate belief in art's moral and societal function. Perhaps we underestimate the power of these texts, dismissing them as mere reviews, when in reality they are powerful treatises in disguise.
Diderot's engagement with art began in earnest with the Salons, reports on the biennial exhibitions held at the Louvre, starting in 1759 and continuing until 1781. These were not dry recitations of artworks; they were living documents intended for a select audience, namely his close circle of friends, including the intellectual titan, Friedrich Melchior Grimm, and disseminated through Grimm's Correspondance litteraire. This intimate context shaped Diderot’s expressive and often provocative style. France at this time was a powder keg of intellectual fervor, teetering on the edge of revolution, and Diderot’s criticism reflected this unrest, challenging artistic conventions and societal norms.
Over time, Diderot's interpretation of art evolved from a purely aesthetic appreciation to a profound exploration of its ethical and social implications. He championed artists like Jean-Baptiste Greuze, whose sentimental and morally charged paintings resonated with his own philosophical convictions. He praised simplicity, naturalism, and works that inspired virtue. However, his fervent critiques of Rococo extravagance exposed the decadence he perceived in the aristocracy. Interestingly, scholars continue dissecting Diderot’s seemingly contradictory viewpoints, particularly his fluctuating admiration for certain artists. Does this underscore his commitment to truth or reveal a touch of fashionable capriciousness?
Ultimately, Diderot’s Salons cemented his legacy as a pioneering art critic. His writings remain invaluable for understanding the cultural landscape of pre-revolutionary France and for appreciating the complex interplay between art, morality, and social change. His work continues to provoke discussions within art historical and philosophical circles, constantly renewing how we perceive art's role in public life. But, to what extent have Diderot's own biases shaped our understanding of 18th-century art?